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Pratique du shadowing : Traffic Has a Perfect Solution. Humans Won't Use It.

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  1. Stuck at an intersection, you always watch unfold the fundamental problem of traffic.0:00
  2. On green, the first car accelerates, and then the next, and then the next, and then the next, and then you, only to catch the red.0:04
  3. Had the cars accelerated simultaneously, you would have made it through.0:12
  4. Coordination, not cars, is the problem, because we are monkey drivers, with slow reaction times and short attention spans.0:16
  5. Even if we tried, getting everyone to press the pedal on 3, 2, 1, now would be challenging.0:24
  6. This discoordination limits how many cars can get through an intersection, and when one backs up to the next, that's when city -sized gridlock cascades happen, taking forever to clear.0:30
  7. In general, more intersections equals more discoordination, which equals more traffic.0:40
  8. This is the motive behind big highways.0:44
  9. No intersections.0:46
  10. Splits and merges, yes, intersections, no.0:47
  11. No stopping, no coordination problems, no traffic.0:50
  12. Well, that's the theory anyway.0:53
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  1. Intersections outside of a highway will back up onto it, again, because human reaction times limit how many cars can escape the off -ramp when the light changes.0:54
  2. But, even without intersections, there would still be traffic on the highway.1:02
  3. Traffic can just appear.1:06
  4. Take a one -lane highway with happy cars flowing until a chicken crosses the road.1:08
  5. The driver who sees it breaks a little, the driver behind him doesn't notice immediately and breaks a little harder than necessary, the driver behind him does the same until1:12
  6. someone comes to a complete stop.1:19
  7. And oh, look, cars approaching at highway speeds must now stop as well.1:21
  8. Though the chicken is long gone, it left a phantom intersection on the highway.1:25
  9. This is what's happened when you're stuck in traffic for hours thinking there must be a deadly pile up ahead, and then suddenly the traffic's over with no wreckage in1:30
  10. sight.1:37
  11. To your relief, if you're a good person and mild annoyance, if you aren't, you just pass through a phantom intersection, the cause of which is long gone.1:37
  12. And this phantom intersection moves.1:44
  13. It's really a traffic snake slithering down the road, eating oncoming cars at one end and pooping them out at the other.1:47
  14. On a ring road, a single car slowing down will start an eroberous of traffic that will last forever, even though there's no problem with the road.1:53
  15. If the drivers could coordinate to accelerate and separate simultaneously, easy driving would return, but they can't so traffic eternal.2:01
  16. On highways, traffic snakes grow if cars are eaten faster than excreted, and they shrink if excreted faster than eaten, dying when the last car accelerates away before the next2:09
  17. car must stop.2:18
  18. Now, in multi -lane highways, there needs to be no chicken to start gridlock.2:19
  19. A driver crossing lanes quickly with cars too close behind is enough to birth a traffic snake that lives for hours in leagues.2:22
  20. It's this quick crossing that causes drivers behind to overbreak and begin a chain reaction.2:29
  21. But we can make traffic snakes less likely by changing the way we drive.2:34
  22. Your goal as a driver is to stay the same distance from the car ahead as from the car behind at all times.2:39
  23. Tailgating is trouble, not just because it makes accidents more likely, but because you as the tailgater can start a traffic snake if the driver ahead breaks.2:45
  24. Always in the middle.2:53
  25. This gives you the most time to prevent overbreaking, but also gives the driver behind you the most time as well.2:54
  26. And when stuck in traffic, this rule would get all cars to pull apart the snake faster.3:00
  27. That's the simple solution to traffic, getting humans to change their behavior.3:06
  28. Perhaps by sharing this video to show how and why traffic happens, why tailgaters are trouble, and how we can work together to make the roads better for all.3:10
  29. The end.3:19
  30. Except, yeah, wishing upon a star that people are better than they are is a terrible solution every time.3:20
  31. Instead, what works is a structurally systematized solution, which is exactly what self -driving cars are.3:26
  32. Self -driving cars can just be programmed to stay in the middle and accelerate simultaneously.3:32
  33. They'll just do it.3:36
  34. The more self -driving cars and an intersection, the more efficient the intersection gets.3:37
  35. A solid lane of self -driving cars vastly increases throughput.3:41
  36. Hmm, actually.3:45
  37. If you ban humans from the road, which we should totally do anyway, you can get rid of the intersection entirely.3:47
  38. After all, a traffic light is just a tool for drivers on one road to communicate with drivers on another.3:52
  39. Poorly and coarsely.3:58
  40. Red equals don't go now, we are coming through the intersection.3:59
  41. Green equals good to go.4:02
  42. But self -driving cars can talk to each other at the speed of light.4:03
  43. With that kind of coordination, no traffic light necessary.4:07
  44. Just as with a highway, the best intersection is no intersection.4:10
  45. Humans will never drive this precisely.4:14
  46. At the intersection, the fundamental problem with traffic that you watch unfold, as with everything, is people.4:17
  47. So the real simple solution to traffic is no more monkeys driving cars.4:23

Mesuré dans ce clip

Débit
202 mots par minute — plus rapide que 63% du catalogue
Niveau CECRL
B2
Mots à connaître
structurally, slithering, gridlock, multi, oncoming, spans
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