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Pratique du shadowing : Steve Jobs 2005 Stanford Commencement Address

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  1. Thank you.0:00
  2. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world.0:07
  3. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.0:16
  4. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life.0:28
  5. That's it.0:31
  6. No big deal.0:32
  7. Just three stories.0:33
  8. The first story is about connecting the dots.0:36
  9. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop -in for another 18 months or so before I really quit.0:41
  10. So why'd I drop out?0:49
  11. It started before I was born.0:52
  12. My biological mother was a young unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption.0:55
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  1. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife.1:02
  2. Except that when I popped out, they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.1:12
  3. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, We've got an unexpected baby boy.1:16
  4. Do you want him?1:26
  5. They said, of course.1:27
  6. My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school.1:31
  7. She refused to sign the final adoption papers.1:39
  8. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college.1:43
  9. This was the start in my life.1:49
  10. And 17 years later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working -class parent savings1:53
  11. were being spent on my college tuition.2:05
  12. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it.2:07
  13. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life, and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.2:11
  14. And here I was, spending all the money my parents had saved their entire life.2:17
  15. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay.2:22
  16. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best decisions I ever made.2:27
  17. The minute I dropped out, I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting.2:34
  18. It wasn't all romantic.2:44
  19. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms.2:46
  20. I returned Coke bottles for the five -cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal2:50
  21. a week at the Hari Krishna Temple.2:59
  22. I loved it, and much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on.3:01
  23. Let me give you one example.3:10
  24. Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country.3:13
  25. Throughout the campus, every poster, every label on every drawer was beautifully hand -caligraphed.3:18
  26. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.3:24
  27. I learned about serif and sans -serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great.3:33
  28. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.3:43
  29. None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life.3:52
  30. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me, and we designed it all into the Mac.3:57
  31. It was the first computer with beautiful typography.4:06
  32. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.4:09
  33. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them.4:16
  34. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do.4:29
  35. Of course, it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college, but it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.4:38
  36. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward.4:47
  37. You can only connect them looking backwards.4:50
  38. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.4:52
  39. You have to trust in something, your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever.4:57
  40. Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well -worn path.5:02
  41. And that will make all the difference.5:10
  42. My second story is about love and loss.5:18
  43. I was lucky.5:23
  44. I found what I loved to do early in life.5:25
  45. Waz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20.5:28
  46. We worked hard, and in ten years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a two billion dollar company with over 4 ,000 employees.5:32
  47. We just released our finest creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I just turned 30.5:40
  48. And then I got fired.5:46
  49. How can you get fired from a company you started?5:49
  50. Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me.5:52
  51. And for the first year or so, things went well.5:58
  52. But then our visions of the future began to diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.6:01
  53. When we did, our board of directors sided with him.6:05
  54. And so at 30, I was out, and very publicly out.6:09
  55. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.6:13
  56. I really didn't know what to do for a few months.6:18
  57. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.6:21
  58. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce, and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.6:28
  59. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley.6:34
  60. But something slowly began to dawn on me.6:38
  61. I still loved what I did.6:41
  62. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit.6:44
  63. I'd been rejected, but I was still in love.6:48
  64. And so I decided to start over.6:51
  65. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.6:54
  66. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything.7:01
  67. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.7:07
  68. During the next five years, I started a company named Next, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife.7:11
  69. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer -animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.7:19
  70. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought Next, and I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at Next is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance.7:29
  71. And Lorraine and I have a wonderful family together.7:39
  72. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple.7:43
  73. It was awful -tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it.7:48
  74. Sometimes life's going to hit you in the head with a brick.7:53
  75. Don't lose faith.7:56
  76. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did.7:58
  77. You've got to find what you love, and that is as true for work as it is for your lovers.8:02
  78. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work.8:08
  79. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.8:15
  80. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle.8:18
  81. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it.8:23
  82. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on.8:27
  83. So keep looking.8:32
  84. Don't settle.8:33
  85. My third story is about death.8:44
  86. When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like, if you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right.8:49
  87. It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, if today were the last day9:00
  88. of my life, what I want to do, what I am about to do today.9:09
  89. And whenever the answer has been no, for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.9:14
  90. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life.9:20
  91. Because almost everything, all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure, these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important.9:27
  92. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose.9:40
  93. You are already naked.9:48
  94. There is no reason not to follow your heart.9:50
  95. About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.9:53
  96. I had a scan at 7 .30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas.9:58
  97. I didn't even know what a pancreas was.10:03
  98. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months.10:06
  99. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die.10:15
  100. It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next ten years to tell them in just a few months.10:23
  101. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family.10:31
  102. It means to say your goodbyes.10:37
  103. I live with that diagnosis all day.10:41
  104. Later that evening, I had a biopsy where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got10:44
  105. a few cells from the tumor.10:53
  106. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctors started crying, because it turned out to be10:55
  107. a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery.11:04
  108. I had the surgery, and thankfully, I'm fine now.11:08
  109. This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades.11:20
  110. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept.11:26
  111. No one wants to die.11:35
  112. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there.11:37
  113. And yet, death is the destination we all share.11:42
  114. No one has ever escaped it.11:46
  115. And that is as it should be, because death is very likely the single best invention of life.11:47
  116. It's life's change agent.11:54
  117. It clears out the old to make way for the new.11:56
  118. Right now, the new is you.11:59
  119. But someday, not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.12:02
  120. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true.12:08
  121. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.12:12
  122. Don't be trapped by dogma, which is living with the results of other people's thinking.12:17
  123. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice.12:22
  124. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition.12:27
  125. They somehow already know what you truly want to become.12:31
  126. Everything else is secondary.12:35
  127. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called the Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the Bibles of my generation.12:49
  128. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand, not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch.12:58
  129. This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.13:05
  130. It was sort of like Google in paperback form 35 years before Google came along.13:13
  131. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions.13:19
  132. Stewart and his team put out several issues of the Whole Earth Catalog, and then, when it had run its course, they put out a final issue.13:25
  133. It was the mid -1970s, and I was your age.13:33
  134. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.13:38
  135. Beneath it were the words, Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish.13:48
  136. It was their farewell message as they signed off, Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish.13:53
  137. And I have always wished that for myself.13:59
  138. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.14:03
  139. Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish.14:08
  140. Thank you all very much.14:11
  141. Thank you.14:36
  142. Thank you.14:43

Mesuré dans ce clip

Débit
200 mots par minute — plus rapide que 62% du catalogue
Niveau CECRL
B1
Mots à connaître
heaviness, pixar, curable, artistically, paperback, unwed
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