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Latihan shadowing: TED's Secret to Great Public Speaking - Chris Anderson

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  1. Some people think that there's a TED Talk formula.0:11
  2. Give a talk on a round red rug.0:15
  3. Share a childhood story.0:17
  4. Dive -olge a personal secret.0:18
  5. End with an inspiring core to action.0:20
  6. No.0:23
  7. That's not how to think of a TED Talk.0:24
  8. In fact, if you overuse those devices, you're just going to come across as cliched or emotionally manipulative.0:26
  9. But there is one thing that all great TED Talks have in common, and I would like to share that thing with you.0:32
  10. Because over the past 12 years, I've had a ringside seat listening to many hundreds of amazing TED speakers like these.0:39
  11. I've helped them prepare their talks for primetime and learned directly from them their secrets of what makes for a great talk.0:46
  12. And even though these speakers and their topics all seem completely different, they actually do have one key common ingredient.0:53
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  1. And it's this.1:01
  2. Your number one task as a speaker is to transfer into your listener's minds an extraordinary gift, a strange and beautiful object that we call an idea.1:03
  3. Let me show you what I mean.1:15
  4. Here's Hailey.1:17
  5. She is about to give a TED Talk, and frankly, she's terrified.1:18
  6. Over the course of 18 minutes, 1200 people, many of whom have never seen each other before, are finding that their brains are starting to sync with Hailey's brain and1:26
  7. with each other.1:40
  8. They're literally beginning to exhibit the same brainwave patterns.1:41
  9. And I don't just mean that they're feeling the same emotions.1:45
  10. There's something even more startling happening.1:47
  11. Let's take a look inside Hailey's brain for a moment.1:50
  12. There are billions of interconnected neurons at an impossible tangle.1:54
  13. But look here, right here, a few million of them are linked to each other in a way which represents a single idea.1:58
  14. And incredibly, this exact pattern is being recreated in real time inside the minds of everyone listening.2:06
  15. That's right.2:13
  16. In just a few minutes, a pattern involving millions of neurons is being teleported into 1200 minds just by people listening to a voice and watching a face.2:14
  17. But wait, what is an idea anyway?2:24
  18. Well, you can think of it as a pattern of information that helps you understand and navigate the world.2:27
  19. Ideas come in all shapes and sizes from the complex and analytical to the simple and aesthetic.2:34
  20. And here are just a few examples shared from the Ted stage.2:40
  21. Sir Ken Robinson, creativity is key to our kids' future.2:44
  22. My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy.2:47
  23. And we should treat it with the same status.2:53
  24. Elora Hardy, building from bamboo, is beautiful.2:56
  25. It is growing all around us.2:59
  26. It's strong.3:01
  27. It's elegant.3:02
  28. It's earthquake resistant.3:04
  29. Shimamanda Adichie, people are more than a single identity.3:05
  30. The single story creates stereotypes.3:09
  31. And the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete.3:12
  32. Your mind is teeming with ideas, and not just randomly.3:19
  33. They're carefully linked together.3:23
  34. Collectively, they form an amazingly complex structure that is your personal worldview.3:25
  35. It's your brain's operating system.3:30
  36. It's how you navigate the world.3:32
  37. And it is built up out of millions of individual ideas.3:34
  38. So for example, if one little component of your worldview is the idea that kittens are adorable, then when you see this, you'll react like this.3:38
  39. But if another component of your worldview is the idea that leopards are dangerous, then when you see this, you'll react a little bit differently.3:48
  40. So it's pretty obvious why the ideas that make up your worldview are crucial.3:57
  41. You need them to be as reliable as possible a guide to the scary but wonderful real world out there.4:02
  42. Now, different people's worldviews can be dramatically different.4:09
  43. For example, how does your worldview react when you see this image?4:14
  44. Whatever your answer, there are millions of people out there who would react very differently.4:30
  45. So that's why ideas really matter.4:38
  46. If communicated properly, they're capable of changing forever how someone thinks about the world and shaping their actions both now and well into the future.4:40
  47. Ideas are the most powerful force shaping human culture.4:51
  48. So if you accept that your number one task as a speaker is to build an idea inside the minds of your audience, here are four guidelines for how you4:55
  49. should go about that task.5:03
  50. One, limit your talk to just one major idea.5:04
  51. Ideas are complex things.5:09
  52. You need to slash back your content so that you can focus on the single idea you're most passionate about and give yourself a chance to explain that one thing5:11
  53. properly.5:19
  54. You have to give context, share examples, make it vivid.5:20
  55. So pick one idea and make it the through line running through your entire talk so that everything you say links back to it in some way.5:24
  56. Two, give your listeners a reason to care.5:33
  57. Before you can start building things inside the minds of your audience, you have to get their permission to welcome you in and the main tool to achieve that, curiosity.5:37
  58. Stir your audience's curiosity.5:47
  59. Use intriguing provocative questions to identify why something doesn't make sense and needs explaining.5:49
  60. If you can reveal a disconnection in someone's worldview, they'll feel the need to bridge that knowledge gap.5:56
  61. And once you've sparked that desire, it will be so much easier to start building your idea.6:04
  62. Three, build your idea piece by piece out of concepts that your audience already understands.6:10
  63. You use the power of language to weave together concepts that already exist in your listeners minds, but not your language, their language.6:17
  64. You start where they are.6:25
  65. But speakers often forget that many of the terms and concepts they live with are completely unfamiliar to their audiences.6:27
  66. Now metaphors can play a crucial role in showing how the pieces fit together because they reveal the desired shape of the pattern based on an idea that the listener6:33
  67. already understands.6:44
  68. For example, when Jennifer Kahn wanted to explain the incredible new biotechnology called CRISPR, she said, It's as if for the first time you had a word processor to edit6:46
  69. DNA.6:55
  70. CRISPR allows you to cut and paste genetic information really easily.6:56
  71. Now, a vivid explanation like that delivers a satisfying aha moment as it snaps into place in our minds.7:02
  72. It's important therefore to test your talk on trusted friends and find out which parts they get confused by.7:08
  73. Four, here's the final tip.7:15
  74. Make your idea worth sharing.7:17
  75. By that I mean ask yourself the question, who does this idea benefit?7:20
  76. And I need you to be honest with the answer.7:26
  77. If the idea only serves you or your organization, then I'm sorry to say it's probably not worth sharing.7:29
  78. The audience will see right through you.7:35
  79. But if you believe that the idea has the potential to brighten up someone else's day or change someone else's perspective for the better or inspire someone to do something7:37
  80. differently, then you have the core ingredient to a truly great talk, one that can be a gift to them and to all of us.7:46

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Kecepatan
180 kata per menit — lebih cepat dari 44% katalog
Tingkat CEFR
B2
Kata yang perlu diketahui
worldview, brainwave, teleported, interconnected, literacy, recreated
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